states of matter

MATTER

Learning outcomes:
State the kinetic theory of matter
Relate the change in the state of matter to the change in heat.
Relate the change in heat to the change in kinetic energy of particles.
Explain the inter-conversion of the states of matter in terms of kinetic theory of matter

There are 3 states in consist in matter:

Solid
-The particles are packed closely together in an orderly manner
-The particles can only vibrate and rotate about their fixed position
-There are strong forces between the particles


Liquid
-The particles are packed closely together but not in an orderly arrangement.
-The particles can vibrate, rotate and move throughout the liquid.
-They are collide against each other
-The particles are held together by strong forces but weaker than the forces in a solid


Gas
-The particles are very far apart from each other and in a random motion
-The particles can vibrate, rotate and move freely.
-The rate of collision is greater than liquid.
-There are weak forces between the particles

Interconversion of matter

Freezing condensation
ß------------------------ ß------------------------
Solid ----------------------------à liquid ----------------------------à gas
Melting Vaporization

When a liquid is cooled,
-The kinetic energy of the particles decreases even further.
-The particles slow down even more.
-The attraction forces between particles are now able to stop
-The particles from moving freely. Then, the liquid becomes a solid.

When a gas is cooled,
-the particles lose heat energy. The temperature decreases &
the kinetic energy of the particle decreases.
-The particles move about slowly. The attraction forces between particles
are now able to draw the particles closer together.

Sublimation
-Process whereby interconversion between solid state and gases state
occurs without passing through the liquid state.
-Heat is absorbed when a solid changes into a gas.
-Heat is evolved when a gas changes into a solid.